Journals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Journals - Essay ExampleTherefore, Sufi orders other(a)wise known as turuql could either be Sunni Shii, or a combination of both doctrines. However, it is arouse to know that most of the turuql originate from Muslim ProphetMuhammad. Very provoke though, is the fact that sufis strongly believe in the ideologies of peace, pacifism, and tolerance. Nevertheless, although sufi cultism is appreciated by many tenets of muslims, Wahhabiand SalafistMuslims have a strong opposition to sufi devotion. Learning and understanding sufi devotion has indeed enlightened me on this unique port of Islamic worship. I certainly support this kind of devotion since it encourages the followers to purify their hearts as they do so. However, I find it very interesting that sufi devotion is somewhat similar to Christian worship especially when Christian go for fasting and prayer. However, what I fail to perceive is the reason wherefore Wahhabiand SalafistMuslims have a strong opposition to sufi devotion c onsidering the bureau sufi devotion seems good and interesting. I also calculate that sufi devotion was the ultimate Gods idea of having an intimate relationship with his people. Looking at Buddhism, Buddhas appreciate the need for meditation as a way of connecting with divine power. Therefore, sufi devotion is a form of worship done in different ways in different religions but having different names. contemporaneousness Undeniably, the term modernity has different dimensions of definition depending on what is being studied. However, modernity simply means the paradigm shift from feudalism to secularized world. Modernity is often seen with different lens such as capitalism, industrialization, technological advancement, spiritual ideologies among others. Modernity can also refer to as the element of enlightenment. Modernity within the Islamic context arguably began in Turkey where tremendous change of religious, cultural, scientific, as well as legal ideologies surfaced. Interes tingly, the adoption of modernity was not a equal phenomenon. Indeed, there existed different groups of people that did not embrace modernity. This explains why we still have conservatism in all religions. For instance, Islam is arguably divided into different substantive groups. However, conservatism is still appreciated in many Islamic tenets. Nevertheless, those who appreciate modernism have very often maintained that the spirit of reason in the original message of Islam be incorporated in modern lifestyle. Although I am not old enough to have seen the change from the traditional locution to modernity, I can still perceive the idea through the reading. I strongly feel that modernity has changed many aspects of life including religious thoughts and ideologies. However, I think God, in his mighty power, had foreseen the modern lifestyle and had therefore made religion compatible with modernity. Therefore, as we seek to embrace modernity in all other aspects, I believe that moder nity should also be embraced within the religious context. However, the arguments presented by those who do not support modernity in religion argon also important in making sure that modernists do not go beyond what is expected of them. Reading about modernity and conservatism in the same reading is indeed a worthwhile endeavor. Muhammad Muhammad is believed to be the spiritual leader of the Islamic religion. Muhammad born in approximately 570 CE was a religious leader but more notably, he was also a religious and political leader as well.

Consumption and Consumer Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Consumption and Consumer Behaviour - Essay Example(Perner n.d.)Researchers in sociology argue that consumption is both a heathenish as well as an economic phenomenon therefore participation in consumer culture is non restricted to those with financial resources to actually purchase goods. The new repoint classes, gender, race and youth influence the development of consumer culture. In her seminal work Consumer Culture, Celia Lury argues that consumer culture should be considered as a subset of material culture that in its current form consumer culture is characterised by stylization, following notions of the aestheticisation of everyday life the ability of subordinate social groups to influence development of consumer culture. This in turn suggests their relative autonomy form dominant structures of economic and social power and to an extent breaks down the distinction between high and low culture, thus levelling or augmenting social falsify (cited in Bowlby 1997 and Horrocks 1997). The implications of Lurys theses to marketers are obvious. Aesthetics in product presentation are as strategic as contents. Children, youth and another(prenominal) subordinate groups, which do not form dominant structures of economic and social power, determine or influence consumption. Marketers live with data, analytical ability, practical tools and experience to understand consumer behaviour and presumably have the ability to influence it. Yet marketers influencing consumer behaviour on such a scale as to make their companys gigantic successes are an exception rather than the rule, the ethical exceptions being companies like Tesco, Dove, Innocent and iPod. Professor Andrew Ehrenberg observed that keeping things the same would represent a reasonable success for most promotional campaigns. (Marketing theory2007). On the other hand from a consumers viewpoint is purchasing a simple process Is it just that people recognise the need for a product, locate a place to buy it, buy it and consume it According to the post-modern approach, there are a lot of influences that affect the simple process. The experience of Wal-Marts Latin America operations have important lesson for marketers. The retail chain designed its stores the way they are in the US, with narrow aisles broad parking areas and red, white and blue banners. Latin Americans like wide aisles because they regard super markets with their large families large parking lots do not appeal to them, as many do not own cars and the banners appeared to them as Yankee imperialism. Consumers buying behaviour is influenced by cultural, social, personal and psychological factors but in this mix cultural factors dominate. (Kotler 2003, p.183). The following diagram depicts the stimulus-organism-response model of buying behaviourModel of vendee behaviour- Adapted from Kotler 2003, p. 184According to Kotler, culture, subculture and social class largely determine the consumers buying behaviour. (Kotler 2003, p . 183). Culture or civilisation is an individuals highest form of identification with the society. Each culture has at heart itself - sub-cultures - smaller

Artistotle's Virtue Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Artistotles Virtue Ethics - Essay ExampleThis is an ever-going debate between good theorists and moral philosophers, which seems to have no end. Neverthe little, when deontologists and Teleologists are debating on what matters the most, either the actions in themselves or the consequences of those actions, Aristotles virtue morals provides a solution, which asks to focus on the being or the person preferably than his or her actions and consequences (Devettere, pp. 26-28). Aristotle believed that ethics is not a theoretical discipline since one does not ask this dubiety for the sake of just knowing it but the question of what is good for hu spell beings is for achieving that good (Hursthouse, pp. 103-104). However, important here to differentiation is the fact that when Aristotle is taking about the good, he is talking about a list of ethical actions and duties, instead he is focusing on one highest good which is above all other goods (Hursthouse, pp. 103-104). One of the most i mportant reasons why Virtue ethics stands out of the crowd of other normative theories is because it makes a clear distinction between ethics for humans and animals. Aristotle identified the difference between form and sensible substance. According to him, the human body is made of flesh and this is material substance but this is not what makes humans beings as human beings. The form, which is the somebody of the humans, is responsible for the equal (Devettere, pp. 26-28, 2002). Therefore, according to Aristotle, each living thing has a soul and it works in different capacities. For example, the perceptive soul is responsible for forming images and perception, the nutritive soul has the duty of growth, the locomotive soul takes care of the motion and others. These are common in both humans and animals, however, humans posses something other, which is not present with other animals and that, is the rational soul (Hursthouse, pp. 103-104). This is what draws the line between humans and animals and this special and extra gift to human beings must have the answer of what is good for human beings? Therefore, the good for human beings, the highest happiness, or the biggest virtue is reason and rationality. It is ethical to live your life according to your reason and logic or else you are worse than an animal (Darwall, pp. 265). As Aristotle argued, the function of man is activity of soul in accordance with reason, or at least, not without reason (Darwall, pp. 265-269). Aristotle believed that the thinker or a rational person is the best person or the closest to the divine being or more like divine being. He believed that the rational soul of human being is a occasion of the divine soul that we posses and by the use of the same, one can discover the mysteries of the universe. People who try to live their lives with vulgar pleasures are more like animals and less like humans because they fail to understand their own potential. However, important here to note is tha t reason for logic that Aristotle has identified is not subjective and will not differ from person to person but it is objective (Devettere, pp. 26-28). Therefore, for Aristotle and virtue ethicist, ethical is something, which is an action of an ethical person, rather than based on the actions or consequences of that action. It is important to note that when other ethical theories and moral philosophers talk about, rewards, punishments, courts, screenings, law, rules and regulations and others to

A paper for oceanography based off of the book called The Eskimo and Essay - 1

A paper for oceanography based off of the book called The Eskimo and the fossil oil Man by Bob Reis - Essay Exampleng of the global climates and the trending climatic concerns such as the global warming and the possible impacts on the ecosystem dynamics and the life supporting atmospheric portion i.e. the biosphere at large. The atmosphere and the biosphere are interrelated through the natural processes of evaporation, precipitation and the natural heat exchange processes.This refers to the playing area of the ecology of the marine ecosystems with regards to their surrounding ocean environment. Marine biologists culture the life in the oceans (marine ecology) and as well as the total organic production in the seas and oceans. The marine life consists of the floating or weakly swimming organisms known as planktons and rapidly swimming organisms referred to as nektons. Marine oceanographers map the floors of oceans, analyze the problems of the shorelines, and study the deposits and other sediments of the ocean floor and rock layers of the earths crust. Biological oceanography therefore looks into the influence of the oceans physical, chemical and the geological characteristics on the marine ecology or ecosystems.This is the study of the Chemistry underlying the ocean environment and the processes of its interactions with the atmosphere. Chemical oceanography is looks into the chemistry of seawater, the major salts it contains, and other trace elements found in the oceans.This is the study of the physical processes of the oceans such as the mixing, waves, tides, ocean currents, water transparency density and temperature as well as under water acoustics and legal transmission.In his book, The Eskimo and the Oil Man The Battle at the Top of the World for Americas Future, Bob Reiss is particularly concerned with the Oil exploration scheme by the Shell Company on the North Arctic coast of Alaska, focusing on the potential threats to the Ocean, impact on the mari ne ecosystems and the Americans living inwardly the neighborhood. This intertwines all the mentioned branches of

Africa Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Africa - Article ExampleAccess to regimen is a basic but most violated human rights throughout the populace in recent times. World Food Summit 1996 hunger reduction target proved to be a failure regardless of the fact that food production grew faster than the world population. Throughout world, about 840 million people are malnourished and most of them are in Africa (Clover 5-7).Food security is a confines used for adequate access to nutritious food which is considered as acceptable in a certain culture. Chronic food insecurity affected 38 million people, and hunger claimed 24,000 lives daily in Africa during 2003.Famine is the extreme manifestation of food insecurity, among 39 countries experiencing food emergencies in world, 25 are African. However, this is the crisis that emerged in slow motion. Africas render of food emergency is a consequence of a wide range of issues which include structural poverty famine and drought adverse weather conditions civil conflicts political an d economic crises HIV/AIDS and inadequate policy and decision making. Failure is identifying the intervening the developing issues are probably the major causes of Africas tenacious vulnerability. In order to tackle these root causes, focusing on structural deficiencies must lead to long-term reconsideration process of food security. Moreover, WTO must restructure for active participation in poor countries. For a balanced approach in dealing with immediate food aid issues and long-term strategic plans, a multifaceted approach covering political, social, economic, and environmental factors must be devised(Clover 8-14).World Food Summit(WFS) held in 1996 established the target of reducing hungry people by at least 20 million every year during 2000-2015.Some countries have showed progress, however, annual decrease of 2.5 million is far below the level required to gain the target by 2015(Clover

Three Positions on Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Three Positions on Abortion - Essay ExampleIt does not think that the act of terminateion is ordered beneath all circumstances. The position considers that the mother and fetus make certain rights. The conflict of rights is created beca custom of the different considerations for the mother, fetus and the society. However, the acceptability of the action depends on the severity of much(prenominal) conditions. For example, if it is feared that there are chances that the fetus will born deformed, moderate position will allow abortion in much(prenominal) cases. The reason behind the espousal of abortion in this case is that it will cause tremendous pain and suffering to the mother and the fetus itself. The loss or pain cause by giving bloodline to a child would be greater than the tragedy and loss of abortion. In other words, moderate position on abortion is the keen-witted view of abortion. It requires doing what is best for the mother and the fetus. Hence it is a better altern ative to conservative and free-handed approaches. The moderate approach strikes a balance between liberal and conservative positions. I agree with this position because many a times there are situation when it is necessary to abort the child. People also have a tendency to abuse the abortion. They take it for granted and use it at the cost of rights of the fetus or the child. This harms the sanctity of life. Many people have compared such an act with murder. Since, it has been proven that the fetus gets the life after four months. Unlike liberal approach, the moderate approach will assume that the right of abortion for women should be until four months only. After that abortion should only be allowed if there are severe medical issues, it is feared that the child will be deformed, or in cases of reave and incest. Similarly, the moderate approach is better than conservative approach because it thinks that abortion should not be allowed under any condition. This approach can lead to fatal consequence. For example, if the char dies in the process of child birth. This would lead to loss of two lives. Hence, a rational approach in this case would be to allow abortion under certain scenario and let people use the option for the benefit of themselves and the benefit of the entire society. The moderate position on abortion takes into account various honest frameworks. It takes into account the deontological framework in way that it calls for abortion in cases where the motives of the action are pure. It needs people to weigh the pros and cons of the action before taking the final action. As a result, the motives behind the moderate approach are more often than not pure and hence the deontological framework justifies the decisions taken under deontological framework. Rights-based moral philosophy also justify the moderate position on abortion. Since, a part of women body is involved in the process of child birth, she has a right to abort the child if she want to. If she feels that the entire process of child birth is too painful for her body, or it will cause her stress then she can use right based ethics to justify her decision of aborting the fetus. Even consequential ethics allow the parents to abort the fetus. For example, if it is considered that overall standard of living of a family would chance on after the birth of another child, the parents can choose to abort the child and this can be justified by using the consequential approach. Similarly, if it is felt that the birth of the child can lead to medical issues for the women or can lead to a deformed child that can cause stress and

Siddhartha VS. Fahrenheit 451 Essay Example for Free

Siddhartha VS. Fahrenheit(postnominal) 451 EssaySiddhartha and Fahrenheit 451 be very similar in around focussings and very several(predicate) in others this essay will talk about some of these similarities and some of the differences. In order to understand the two books we essential first off write a detailed summary of them. Once that is done then we can get into the similarities of the two good books, and finally the differences of Siddhartha and Fahrenheit 451. In Siddhartha, the main character Siddhartha decides to abandon his family, along with his trump friend Govinda, in order to seek enligh decenniumment. They travel to the woods to find the Sa earthly concernas, a group of mountain who decide to live without property. During the collar years with the Samanas they contain a lot. One solar day they hear that in that location is a man who is said to have achieved Nirvana. They take the leave form the Samanas in order to pursue Gotama, the Enlightened One.Whe n they get there they hear one of his speeches, after(prenominal)wards Siddhartha confronts Gotama to ask why his speech did non tell him how to achieve Nirvana. curtly after the confrontation Govinda announces that he is going to stay and become one of Gotamas followers, while Siddhartha decides that he is going to pursue his own path towards enlightenment. Govinda is non happy with this but he had already made his oath to serve loyally under Gotama. Siddhartha leaves the town and goes back through the woods where he encounters a ferryman. The ferryman whose name is Vasudeva lets Siddhartha spend the night in his hut and then gives him a change of clothes to wear into town. Siddhartha goes to the nearby town and there he meets Kamala, a local courtesan. He then proceeds to ask Kamala if she can teach him about esteem. AT first she laughs at him and said that for her to teach him he must get some money.Before Siddhartha leaves he asks Kamala if he could exchange a poem for a ki ss. She agrees and after that was over she sent Siddhartha to the rich merchant, Kamaswami. When Siddhartha asks to learn the way of the merchant Kamaswami does not turn him down. Siddhartha now rich again and learning the ways of love and trade believes that he is happy for a change, but some part of him is still missing. After a while Siddhartha decides to leave his merchant life in order to keep chasing his dream. He leaves Kamala and Kamaswami behind and goes back to the woods. at that place he goes to the river where he looks down upon himself and believing that his life was over. He decides to drown himself for it would be the quickest way to go, but something talks him out of it. Instead he falls asleep by the base of a tree.When he wakes up he is astonished to find his best friend Govinda asleep across from him. He and Govinda talk for a while when Govinda said that he needed to catch up with his group of monks that were spreading the word of Gotama. Siddhartha then leaves and follows the river back to the Vasudavas, the ferryman, house. While there he asks Vasudeva if he can teach him the ways of the ferryman. Vasudeva agrees. They begin by telling Siddhartha that in order to become a ferryman he must firs learn to listen to the river.When Siddhartha and Vasudeva are ferrying people across they come across Govinda and his group of monks again. The monks say that Gotama is dying and has called all his monks back to him. It is in one much(prenominal) time that Siddhartha and Kamala meet up again. This time Kamala has a son with her. Kamala has been bitten by a snake and Siddhartha wants to help her. He tries and tries but nothing works and she eventually dies. At the very end of the story Govinda and Siddhartha are reunited for the give way time. Govinda now seeing Siddhartha for the first time in a while believes that Siddhartha has done it, he had achieved Nirvana.In Fahrenheit 451 the main character is a man known as Guy Montag. He is a fireman. Being a fireman does not mean that they fight fires, it means that they burn books that the people in their city try to keep hidden. On the way home from on hard day at work, Montag meets a young girl named Clarisse. She is a peculiar girl for she asks a lot of questions that have to do with nothing besides just hit-or-miss things. In one of these questions she asks if it were true that firemen actually fought fires instead of burning books. Montag does not know how to answer. He walks along until he gets to Clarisses house. The final question that she asks Montag is the strangest of them all. It is are you happy. Montag goes home pondering that final question. He gets ready for bed when he accidentally kicks a sleeping pill bottle on the floor. After realizing that it is empty he quickly calls the emergency room. They send someone over to help with Montags wife Mildred.They finish with her and tell Montag that they get about ten of these calls every night. He keeps going to work and talking with Clarisse. It was during one of these talks that she rubbed a flower under her chin. When Montag asks what it meant she says that it is to see if a person is in love or not. Montag goes to work one day and is attacked by the mechanical hound. After he gets away he says that the mechanical hound has done that three generation and it would only act that way if someone had programmed it. Later on in the book he comes home and sees that Mildred is watching the news. It was saying that a young 17 year old girl was hit by a car and killed. Montag realizes that the girl was Clarisse. One day he is at the park and sees a man by the name of Faber. Montag learns that Faber was a college professor but quit because they had burned all of the books. Faber offers Montag his address. One night while the women friends of Mildreds are over he goes to Fabers house.There he comes up with his plan to reprint books. He also says that they should plant books in the firemans houses. Faber didnt listen so in order to get him to listen, Montag starts to rip the pages out of the bible. Faber gives Montag an earpiece that allows them to talk. While back at work the firemen get a call that someone has books in their house. Montag is deep in conversation with Beatty the fire chief that only after they stop does he realize that the house they stopped in front of is his own. Beatty tells Montag that he is under arrest and he has to burn all of his books that he had with a flamethrower. After he finishes torching the books Montag gets irritation in the ear with the communication device.Beatty sees this and takes the earpiece. Now that Montag is prevent he decides to torch Beatty. After that he is attacked by the mechanical hound. He kills the beast and gets away. Unfortunately for him every channel is playing a tape that tells people to be on the watch for Montag. While at Fabers house He had given Montag some directions. Montag now on the run follow those directions. He me ets up with a group of refugees that are all intelligent. They decide to leave for the city to reprint the books that they have memorized the city is leveled by bombs. They decide that it is now best to reprint those books so that the survivors have a sense of dignity again.Now that you understand the basic outline for the two books here are a a couple of(prenominal) similarities surrounded by them. In both books the main character finds teachers that help him along the path to their destiny. In Siddhartha these teachers like Kamaswami, Kamala, and even his best friend Govinda. In Fahrenheit 451 Montags teachers are Clarisse, Faber, and even the group of outcast college professors. Another similarity between the two is that in both books the main character has to confront a river. In Fahrenheit 451, Montag must get in the river to help wash away his scent from the hounds and to help him get away. In Siddhartha, Siddhartha confronts the river three separate times. The first time is when he must cross to get to the town. The second time is when he faces a life and death scenario. The last time is when he is told by Vasudeva to learn from the river. These are just some of the similarities between Fahrenheit 451 and Siddhartha.There are many differences between these books. Some of these differences we will talk about now. In Siddhartha, the main character start out with a path set for him. While in Fahrenheit 451 Montag does not yet have a specific goal in mind. In Fahrenheit 451, Montag is on the run and he is being chased by a bunch a law enforcement officials. In Siddhartha, Siddhartha is not being chased or pursued by anyone or anything. He is simply making his own way throughout the universe. One last difference between the two is that in Siddhartha, the main character does not have to make a new friend to help him along the way, he already has Govinda. Whereas in Fahrenheit 451 Montag must find someone to replace Clarisse after she dies. That someone was Faber after they meet. These are just a few of the differences between the two.Now you have the basic information between the two books, the similarities and differences between them as well. These two books are not that different from each other. They both are written in a fictional setting and both are enjoyable. These two books will be good reading for just about anyone.BibliographyHesse, Herman. Siddhartha. invigorated York New Direction, 1951. Print Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. New York Simon and Schuster, 1967. Print.